The Drop Out Rate in Education in Cambodia

The Drop Out Rate in Education in Cambodia Introduction The number of students who drop out school in the basic education level is still very high although the government and the other stakeholders have been striving to cut down on number. It is very clear that there are number of things which cause those children to abandon their studies. It is, however, still a skeptical whether the demand side or the supply side which has the most influence on this phenomena. The government of Cambodia has considered the capacity building and human resource development as priority. In the Rectangular Strategy of the Royal Government of Cambodia has emphasized several points related to the education quality improvement at all levels. Like stated in the policies and strategies in ESP (Education Strategic Plan) 2006-10, there are a lot of reforms have been made in order to reach the Millennium Development Goals. The six EFA Dakar goals: 1- Expanding and improving comprehensive early childhood care and education, especially for the most vulnerable and disadvantaged children. 2- Ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girl, children in difficult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to, and complete, free and compulsory primary education of good quality. 3- Ensuring that learning needs of all young people and adults are met through equitable access to appropriate learning and life-skills programmes. 4- Achieving a 50 per cent improvement in levels of adult literacy by 2015, especially for women, and equitable access to basic and continuing education for all adults. 5- Elimination gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring girls full and access to and achievement in basic education of good quality. 6- Improving all aspects of the quality of education and ensuri ng excellence of all so that recognized and measurable learning outcomes are achieved by all, especially in literacy, numeracy and essential life skills. Source: UNESCO (2000 b), as cited in FE of IFL, pp 66-67 In those reforms, there have also been the strengthening tasks with other partnerships between the public and private sectors. These important tasks are really applicable for implementing the development goals for the betterment of the quality of education. Without doing the reforms, it is not effective form for the implementation because the concept or the social context does not respond to the strategic plan. The strategic plan and the resource of mobilization and utilization can not be cut off from the the understanding from the context or it will be failed to implement. (MoEYS, (2006) Education strategic plan 2006-2010). The objectives of the Ministry of Education, the implementers received the commands from the Royal Government of Cambodia, are to conduct the holistic development within the Cambodian youths. Young people are considered as bamboo shoots which can replace the old and dying bamboo, so building up the capacity among them is compulsory. The development of understanding among young people needs to be done for all sectors. In addition, the Ministry of Education attempts to contribute and engender a sense of nationalism and civic pride because it is really essential for them to determine their own identities. It also strives to upgrade the concept of high standards of morality and ethics in order to build up a good country that people can live in harmony. According to this stance, three main purposes have been set. The first purpose is the equitable access to education that indicates that all Cambodian children have right to receive education at least 9 years (finished grade 9). They receiv e education for free of charge in which the Ministry of Education calls for to promote this prestigious opportunity for all young Cambodians. Secondly, promote the service quality and efficiency of education; so for the Ministry strives to promote the quality of education in all levels especially the low level of education. It has created more supporting programs. In that the establishment of teaching materials is also paid the utmost care. Third, the Ministry intends to introduce the the idea of capacity building for decentralization in which new curricular has been put to manipulate this concept within young Cambodians through lesson of decentralization. The curriculum has been set by focusing much on the expansion of decentralization (Education strategic plan 2006-2010). According to the strategies and policies that the Ministry has set and determined above, it is not uncertain to fully understand what can be the things that have come as constraints to make students at basic level stop study. A long with the stimulants that the government have distributed, the families have to have some involvements to keep students remain in school. The government has continuously conducted reforms to find and to determine the weak points. Thus, this paper is to seek for the deep understanding on the hardships on the demand side and the capacity of distribution of the supply side. We also study to find out how the government of Cambodia manipulates with these challenges. Challenges That Lead to Dropping Out There are several significant challenges which lead to the dropping out among children. Some challenges are ignited by the supply sides while the other is caused by the demand sides. There have been several researches revealed the challenges that lead to the dropping out. The world Bank, in 2004, did stress the problems that lead to the drop out. Each year there is high rate of enrollment at basic level, but they eventually abandoned the school. These phenomena were caused by some factors. First, there is the increase of child labor at the very young age; children were exploited by several means without getting any care from the society or it is lack to be care by the related individuals. Second, there was late enrollment of the children and after a few years in school they felt embarrassed because they saw themselves as big; eventually, they quit. Third, there was lack of readiness for the enrollment; at the beginning of the enrollment the families seemed to have ability to send the m to school and later on it was impossible to do, so they stop. Fourth, there is the significant number of incomplete the low level school. Fifth, the lack of qualified teacher was identified as the ignition of the school abandon among the young children. Finally, the identification of the cause was the lack of health-environmental facilities such as playground and libraries (WB 2004). In fact the number of enrolment at primary level is quite big. The process of their studies can proceed only for a few years and after that the big number become smaller and smaller. There are numbers of complicated obstacles for these drops out. According to the data conducted by EMIS, only 45 per cent of children who start primary school can eventually finish grade sixth and among them, there are only thirty-eight per cent can go to lower secondary school; some of them didnt finish grade 9; in lower secondary school; there are three years which most students can only reach grade 8. It is such a big number of drop out which will be foreseen as number that will be much downgraded to reach grade 9. With this high percentage of drop out, it takes 10.8 years for a child to complete his or her education in primary school (EBEP 2006-2010). Recently, the Royal Government of Cambodia announced its practical way in improving the education system. Also it proclaimed the great achievements. In the contradict to this, there are still some big problems remain behind the achievement. The drop out rates is still high among primary school children and only small number that can accomplish grade 9. This phenomenon is a constraint for the Ministry in reaching its goal in stimulating the young people to receive basic education from grade 1 to grade 9 by the year 2015. Along with this, some constraints are identified by the Ministry of Education. In order to identify such problem, the Ministry created another department called Education Sector Support Program (ESSP) to detect and identify the problem. The challenges are found as follows: i) low access to basic education, particularly lower secondary schooling, among children from poor families, girls, ethnic minorities, children with disabilities, and children who are living in rem ote areas. ii) high dropout rates in basic education, with this most dropouts occurring in upper primary school before children have completed the full cycle. iii) uneven quality and standards in basic education (Benveniste 2008, p 15). In 2005 the World Band wrote that the transition period is another main cause of the drop out. The drop out occurs when they finished grade 6, and they are awaiting to pursue to grade 7. The number of children about 75 percent were able to go through from primary school and among that only 52 percent went on their studies to the secondary school and finished their basic education (from grade 1 to grade 9). During this interval, the decisions of the children as well as their parents are abruptly changed for some reasons (World Bank 2005). Supply-Side Factors So far the Royal Government of Cambodia that has the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports as an acting figure in implementing the educational policies has been working really hard to reduce the dropout rate among the basic education. The Ministry itself is looking for the the causes and it invests a lot of money in building facilities and instructional materials in recent years. Moreover, the government also set up policies to reduce the house whole financial burdens by letting children to enroll school for free. A long with this the necessity for the children to study is also supported. However, this support is still not enough for the children. The significant barrier for disadvantaged children is the direct cost. In recent year, the government commanded the removal of formal entry to enable them to enroll. Moreover, the Ministry strives to disseminate the information of free of charge enrollment for children. Some educational billboards about the importance of enrollment have been displayed in public to draw the understanding among parents. Unexpectedly, when students have already enrolled, some problems still occurred associated with the informal fees through providing the extra class to students or the like. This phenomenon should be combated for it functions as great constraint that lead to the drop out (Benveniste 2008). Another strategy to combat the dropout rate is to build up relationship with the community so that they can understand; they will support the enrolment and keep their children in school. In the citation of Education Strategic Plan 2006- 2010, there is the promotion of the relationship between homes and communities. The reasons of this expansion are to promote a shadow education which is considered as the important stimulant to achieve the objectives that have been launched. The campaign aims to disseminate the community- based information of holistic intervention at the early ages. The investments in early age among children has been increased from USD 0.19 million in 2006 to USD 0.3 million by 2010. The promoting program was supported by PAP (Priority Action Program) (Benveniste et al 2008). To ensure the stimulant package to upgrade within the children enrolment, the Ministry has also launched some other practical projects. In that, child friendly schools are seen significant to push the enrollment and to persuade children to remain in school. However, the campaign to spread the information about this project is not widely done so that parents do not fully understand the significance of it. If the parents know that they will value and help to encourage their children to remain in school. World Bank (2005) addressed other kind of constraints that lead to the dropout is the quality among teachers. The word quality in here does not really focus on the knowledge of the responsible subjects, but also the art or talent of teacher to harmonize with the students. Teachers need to have psychological knowledge to call for the interest among students. Qualified teachers can help students to stay in school more. In order to reform this, the project of quality improvement interventions program is also launched and a lot of money has been used to conduct this ability upgrading project. A long with student retention, promotion, and especially in student learning is done accompanying with teacher improvement. In the program of upgrading the quality of education, one dollar per pupil has been increased. The program also focuses on teacher training and this prestige implementation lead to the increase in points the students get between 0.70 and 1.05. After the implementation, there is the observation of increase in literacy as well; one dollar was invested in the upgrading policy, one percent was also excelled in student literacy. Another important task that the Ministry of Education pays its concentration in order to reduce the dropout is the investments in health care and skills training. Besides that, it goes to the the modernization of infrastructure.(World Bank: Quality Basic Education for All 2005) The followings are the components that can be used to stimulate the aspect of pushing the students to remain in school. The practical ways of encouraging students to remain are to enlarge the services to be available such as building up more school houses so that students are easy to get to school. This should be done in both primary and secondary school. Next, there should be the expanding of operating budget for these two levels. To do this can also lead to the elimination of gathering the illegal money. Thirdly, the development of remedial classes must be done. Fourth, the instructional material must be available to improve the quality of teaching and make the learning enjoyable for students. Sometimes it is hard for students to understand the abstract concept, so the use of teaching material can help students to form pictures in mind; they can understand better (World Bank 2008). Demand-Side Factors Elimination of unofficial fees. Unofficial fees are the significant constraint that make students families cant afford education for their children. In fact, under the support of the government, students do not pay for registration at the beginning of the new academic year. Surprisingly, students need to pay like bicycle parking fees; it is not a compulsory pay but students need to do unavoidable because they dont know where to park. The parking fees are thought to be too high sometime. Other unofficial fees are the fees students pay for the extra class. Students are not put pressure directly, instead they are put pressure indirectly through, for instance, giving low mark. Extra classes are reported in only 6-7 percent of small rural schools, but in more than 40 percent of large urban schools. Fees also vary considerably from less than R300 per class in small rural school to more than R500 in big urban schools (Araujo 2008. p. 58). Some other problems are identified for the demand side. These problems are the obstacle to miss persuading the students to remain in school. The primary education, especially the repetition of grade 1, 2 and 3 and the drop out of grade 5 and 6 still has some issues which have to be solved timely such as: a/Documents related to Child Friendly School program are not widely available. b/ PB budgets cannot be accessed at the start of the financial year, this impacts negatively on conducting activities and the achievement of targets. c/ The teaching hours and school calendar are often curtailed. d/ Insufficient access to textbooks reduces the quality of education and coverage of the curriculum. e/ Insufficient infrastructure, including: latrines, sources of water and sanitation, libraries in many schools in remote and disadvantaged areas impacts on students attendance and performance. f/ There are insufficient teachers in rural and remote areas undermining the quality of education and learning in these areas. g/ The capacity of District Training and Management Teams (DTMT) in all provinces and capital city is not strong enough to help the teachers and school directors improve school performance (National Education Congress Summary Report-Academic Year 2008-09 p.4) Work force The number of dropouts in the rural areas is higher than in the urban. In rural areas, children are subject to do works such as looking after cattle in the fields; besides that, those children need to do more chores like carrying water from ponds, wells nearby, and firewood to supply home. That is a great burden for them to manage time to study. When they are so busy with this kind of work, they seem to have no feeling to read books (Dy 2004). What the Government Should Do to Reduce the Dropout Rate In order to reduce the number of dropouts, the government should do several jobs such as staff training, financing, evaluating, facility providing, setting clear policies, and other program monitoring. As stated in the Congress Report (2009), staff training is important in reducing the dropout rate for it helps students to gain their knowledge quite well. It also relates to the quality of education. When students get good academic achievement, their families as well as themselves feel really proud so that they have strong commitment towards education. Sometimes, the academic achievement can insult students and their families and in the end student can quit their studies. Another important thing for the government to do is to finance especially on building more school building quite near to their home. The government has to ensure that one village there is one primary school. Besides the school buildings, financing on teaching materials is also important to achieve the effective academic result. Moreover, the government should provide more money for teachers. If teachers have high salary, it is clear that they spiritually have committed to their teaching and their teaching will have good result. Setting up clear indicators as well as other policies related education is extremely significant. Dy (2001) stressed the importance of clear policies making. Prioritizing the policies making is to pave the way clearly that the Ministry could access their goals. The Ministry of Education that has administrators to implement the policies should particularly focus on primary education by conducting special training for all teachers as well as the school principals. Conclusion It has been observed that the dropout rate is still remaining high even though the government has been striving its works to eliminate or to reduce. The areas that are considerably indicated as high are in rural. The problem is that in those remote areas really face many difficulties for children while the urban areas students seem to use most of their time in learning. In contrast to the city children, rural children use most of their time to do house work and other non-academic affairs. Although these problems occur, the government is the one which has significant function to stimulate the reducing process of the dropout among children in lower education.

Frankenstein Analysis ; Essay Essay

I. The pursuit of knowledge is at the heart of Frankenstein. In the letters at the beginning of the novel, Robert Walton had been writing to his sister of how he longs to travel the seas and attempts to surpass previous human explorations by endeavoring to reach the North Pole. Due to his pursuit of knowledge, he finds himself in a dangerous position trapped between sheets of ice. Victor’s pursuit of knowledge started from when he was just a child. The narrator begins to pick apart and identify the aspects of his personality that will eventually lead to his downfall. He possesses what he calls a â€Å"thirst for knowledge. † Thirst, of course, is a fundamental human need, necessary to one’s very survival. Victor’s desire to learn, therefore, is driven by nothing so insubstantial as curiosity. It is instead the precondition of his very being. The fascinations of the human soul and how the body works, intensifying his thirst by reading the books of Cornelius Agrippa, Paracelsus and Albertus Magnus. As Victor attempts to surge beyond accepted human limits and access the secret of life, his creation ends up destroying everyone that he had care for. Although the two had a thirst for knowledge, one quickly realized that they had chosen a dangerous path, Robert Walton. â€Å"You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been. † ( letter IV pg 39)From the wise words of Victor, Walton ultimately pulls back from his treacherous mission, having learned from Victor’s example how destructive the thirst for knowledge can be. The theme of the pursuit of knowledge leads into the theme of secrecy. Victor keeps his studies and his experiment of his creation a secret. He also keeps the knowledge of Williams killer a secret because it was his creation of the monster that murdered the innocent boy. II. In chapter two, Victor witnesses the destructive power of nature when, during a raging storm, lightning destroys a tree near his house. â€Å" It was not splintered by the shock, but entirely reduced to thin ribands of wood. I never beheld anything so utterly destroyed. † (pg 48) Therefore Victor had witnessed the destructive powers of nature and was astonished that something so beautiful could be destroyed so abruptly. The world of nature that is expressed in the book can be argued that it affects the moods of characters in the novel. The sublime natural world, embraced by Romanticism as a source of unrestrained emotional experience for the individual. It initially offers characters the possibility of spiritual renewal. Mired in depression and remorse after the deaths of William and Justine, for which Victor responsible, Victor heads to the mountains to lift his spirits. The harsh winter that Victor endured symbolised depression and remorse. As well, after a the hellish winter of cold and abandonment, the monster feels his heart lighten as spring arrives. The influence of nature on mood is evident throughout the novel, but for Victor, the natural world’s power to console him wanes when he realizes that the monster will haunt him no matter where he goes. By the end, as Victor chases the monster obsessively, nature, in the form of the Arctic desert, functions simply as the symbolic scenery for his primal struggle against the monster. III. Victor has been in a stage of secrecy since he was a child. Because of his interests and ambitions that no one could understand, he stayed in secrecy. Victor conceives of science as a mystery to be examined and discover its secrets, once discovered, must be jealously guarded. He considers M. Krempe, the natural philosopher he meets at Ingolstadt, a model scientist: â€Å"an uncouth man, but deeply imbued in the secrets of his science. † Victor’s entire obsession with creating life is shrouded in secrecy, and his obsession with destroying the monster remains equally secret until Walton hears his tale. Whereas Victor continues in his secrecy out of shame and guilt, the monster is forced into seclusion by his bizarre appearance. Walton serves as the final confessor for both, and their tragic relationship becomes immortalized in Walton’s letters. In confessing all just before he dies, Victor escapes the stifling secrecy that has ruined his life; likewise, the monster takes advantage of Walton’s presence to forge a human connection, hoping desperately that at last someone will understand, and empathize with, his miserable existence. IV. The way Mary Shelley wrote the novel Frankenstein is in first person point of view. By having the book in first person the reader is able to witness Victor’s life story on a different level. This helps the reader have a better understanding of what’s going on in the novel. If the novel was written in another form, the reader would probably have great difficulty understanding Victor’s story. Other pieces of works were also mention in the novel such as Paradise Lost. The texts and languages strongly associate with the story as well with other themes in the novel. â€Å"It moved every feeling of wonder and awe, that the picture of an omnipotent God warring with his creatures was capable of exciting. I often referred the several situations, as their similarity struck me, to my own. Like Adam, I was apparently united by no link to any other being in existence; but state was far from different from mine in every other respect. He had come forth from the hands of God a perfect creature, happy and prosperous, guarded by the especial care of his Creator, he was allowed to converse with, and acquire knowledge from, beings of a superior nature, but I was wretched, helpless and alone. † (Ch. XV, page 116) As stated in the quote, the monster is comparing himself and the relationship of him and his creator to the story that he reads in Paradise Lost. The reader can relate to the monster and can see his point of view of how he is mistreated by his creator unlike Adam in the Story. V. In Victor’s case, his isolation comes from pursuing his ambitions, choosing his ambition over the people around him. Even when Victor finishes creating his creature, his feelings of melancholy and guilt overwhelm him so that he cannot have solace from those around him. Though Victor is alone once the Creature has killed his family, this isolation could also be considered brought upon by Victor himself. Victor’s isolation, then, should create in him a sense of guilt or atonement for his creation of a Creature who stripped him of those friends and family surrounding him; however, Victor only seeks vengeance and his continued state of melancholy. The Creature, on the other hand, is isolated because of Victor. Victor was the Creature’s creator and should have provided and taught the creature, taking responsibility instead of running away. He also is isolated by society because of his appearance, which is, again, not the Creature’s fault. Compared to Victor, the Creature is far more isolate, and we can see that this isolation is superior to that of Victor because of the drastic measures the Creature takes in order to be with people. Victor does not really consciously attempt to engage with those around him, but the Creature does, craving companionship and a way to release himself from his isolation. Ultimately, the Creature cannot become part of any community so this isolation creates rage inside of the monster and leads him to commit the acts that ultimately isolate Victor. VI. In the novel Frankenstein by mary shelley there is a clear comparison between the creature and Victor to God and Satan. Victor and the creature are mostly compared to God and Satan. Victor was so blind by his determination to recreate that he was too late to realize exactly what he was creating. He saw that he wasn’t creating life but he was just twisting death. God also regretted his creation after it was too late. In the novel, Frankenstein, Mary Shelley intertwines the relationships between her characters through their insatiable desires for knowledge. The actions of these characters, predominantly the monster, allude to Satan, in John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost. Both the monster and Satan are fixated on vengeance because of the parallel rejection they are faced with in their respective works. Vengeance becomes the principal theme during the course of both works and it fuels the fire for the consciences’ of the monster and Satan’s every judgment. Rejection by creator plays a vital role in the plots of both the monster and Satan. Victor’s creature, born innocent, tried to fit in the world that he was put into. But the constant rejection and isolation from the very beings that he longed to interact with caused him to evolve into a self-acknowledged Satan, from Paradise Lost. The monster immediately upon setting eyes on the world is abandoned and rejected by Victor Frankenstein. The monster states, â€Å"It is with considerable difficulty that I remember the original era of my being; all the events of that period appear confused and indistinct. † (Shelley 194) VII. Throughout the novel, Victor has been struggling with his identity. He was isolated because of his interests in philosophy that no one else had. â€Å" When i was thirteen years of age, we all went on a party of pleasure to the baths near Thonon:†¦ i chanced to find a volume of the works of Cornelius Agrippa†¦I communicated my discovery to my father. My father looked carelessly at the titlepage of my book, and said, â€Å"Ah! Cornelius Agrippa! My dear Victor, do not waste your time upon this: it is sad trash. † † ( pg 46 chap II) Victor’s interest were not accepted therefore he kept to himself and became non social. Thus hindering the aid of finding his identity. The creature also struggled with his quest to find his identity. His creator was filled with disgust at the first sight of him. Without hesitation he shunned his creation and ran away from him. The monster was left with no one to teach him how to love, no one to teach him social skills, how to live, the creature had to fend for himself in every case. This left the monster to question his identity, â€Å"Was I then a monster, a blot upon the earth, from which all men fled, and whom all men disowned. † This leads him to doubt himself, and actually contemplate suicide. Not knowing one’s identity can be troublesome for someone. It can make one question everything they do, every move every thought questions. This can put a strain on ones life and cause them to feel depressed and suicidal. We can see this in the monster and Victor throughout the novel. Although the creature starts to realize that he is alone, there is no other like him. This helps him create an identity for himself. He can characterize himself as an outsider. The theme of identity helps the reader to have a stronger understanding of the characters. In the novel of Frankenstein it can be argued that the theme of religion has been illustrated within the book. While many people view Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† as a horror novel, it is also to be believed it has more of a religious background due to the insertion of â€Å"Paradise Lost† into the story. The story of God creating Adam is a popular topic in this story and is also believed that Shelly had intended for â€Å"Frankenstein† to be an allegory for the story of creation. In the instructional novel of How to read Literature Like a Professor, chapter five and seven can be used to make a connection with the novel of Frankenstein. In chapter five of the instructional manual of How to read Literature Like a Professor, the author explains how stories overlap in a way. Book are never totally original. They all use similar characters with similar personalities. Authors use other authors to influence their style of writing and what they write about. In the novel, Mary Shelley introduces the story â€Å" Paradise Lost†, to make a comparison and difference between the creature with Adam. â€Å" But ‘Paradise Lost’ excited different and far deeper emotions. I read it, as i had read the other volumes which had fallen into my hands as a true history†¦ I often referred the several situations, as their similarity struck me, to my own. Like Adam. † This quote can prove that the creation referred to the story of â€Å"Paradise Lost† and used it as a comparison to its own situation. Therefore stories indeed did overlap in a way. In chapter seven of the instructional manual of How to read Literature Like a Professor, it is mainly about how every piece of literature is somehow related to or referring to the Bible. They all involve things such as temptation, betrayal, denial, etc. Also, writers refer to the Bible because almost everybody knows at least some of the stories from the Bible. The novel Frankenstein expresses religion because Victors obsession with recreating life. He takes a place as God and the creature takes the place of Adam. The story of God and Adam was used in the novel to draw out the use of religion. Chapter seven also connects to Frankenstein because he felt the temptation of knowing the secrets of nature. † The world was to me secret which i desired to divine. † As quoted, Victor had temptation for knowledge. Therefore temptation was involved in the novel. Therefore, the instructional manual of How to read Literature Like a Professor and the novel Frankenstein are relatable. The manual is solely based on teaching rising students like me how to think, and change my perspective in order to get the deeper meaning behind a piece of literature. In Frankenstein the Monster, who is thought to be illiterate, watches the Frankenstein family and teaches himself to eat, sleep, and hold himself like them. He teaches himself to be a more sophisticated human being by watching this family similar to the way millions of students are teaching themselves to be more sophisticated by reading this manual.

The Condition of Slavery - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 284 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/27 Category History Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Slavery Essay Did you like this example? The conditions of slaves in America depended on various places and time. However, the slaves were brutally treated, and they were degraded. Many of the slaves were often whipped while women were being raped. These were the common treatment of the slaves during these times. There were no slaves allowed to read or to be taught the same. Some places it was prohibited and those found breaking the rules were severely disciplined (Andrew 49). The banning of reading was because the Whites though the slaves would become intelligent and aspire to them which could lead to their escape. The living conditions of slaves would affect many people if that life were to persist to the current century. The harsh life that the slaves lived means that many people today cannot survive such treatments and living conditions. Slaves were prohibited from holding gatherings including religious without the presence of a white person because most slaves used these meetings is planning how they would r ebel. Some of the punishments that were directed on the slaves include branding, mutilation, imprisonment, and whipping. This is same to today imprisonment it is only that in the prisons of today people are not overworked. Pregnant women were given equal punishments just like others. Slaves were viewed by the whites as their properties, and that is why the women were often rapped, and no one dared to complain because the punishments to those who resisted were severe (52). The American society developed rapidly during the slave trade because of the availability of cheap labor. The slaves were also skilled in various areas including masonry and carpentry. Some buildings are still available from the slave trade history, and these structures were facilitated by slaves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Condition of Slavery" essay for you Create order

Is Deoxygenated Human Blood Blue

Some animals have blue blood. People only have red blood. Its a surprisingly common misconception that deoxygenated human blood is blue. Why Blood Is Red Human blood is red because it contains a large number of red blood cells, which contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a red-colored, iron-containing protein that functions in oxygen transport by reversibly binding to oxygen. Oxygenated hemoglobin and blood are bright red; deoxygenated hemoglobin and blood are dark red. Human blood does not appear blue under any circumstances. Vertebrate blood, in general, is red. An exception is skink blood (genus Prasinohaema), which contains hemoglobin yet appears green because it contains a large amount of the protein biliverdin. Why You Can Appear Blue While your blood never actually turns blue, your skin can take on a bluish cast as a result of certain diseases and disorders. This blue color is called cyanosis. If the heme in hemoglobin becomes oxidized, it may become methemoglobin, which is brownish. Methemoglobin, cant transport oxygen, and its darker color may cause the skin to appear blue. In sulfhemoglobinemia, the hemoglobin is only partly oxygenated, making it appear dark red with a bluish cast. In some cases, sulfhemoglobinemia makes blood appear green. Sulfhemoglobinemia is very rare. There Is Blue Blood (And Other Colors) While human blood is red, some animals do have blue blood. Spiders, mollusks and certain other arthropods use hemocyanin in their hemolymph, which is analogous to our blood. This copper-based pigment is blue. Although it changes color when it is oxygenated, hemolymph typically functions in nutrient transport rather than gas exchange. Other animals use different molecules for respiration. Their oxygen transport molecules may produce blood-like fluids that are red or blue, or even green, yellow, violet, orange, or colorless. Marine invertebrates that use hemerythrin as a respiratory pigment may have pink or violet fluid when its oxygenated, which becomes colorless when deoxygenated. Sea cucumbers have a yellow circulatory fluid because of the vanadium-based protein vanabin. Its unclear whether vanadins participate in oxygen transport. See For Yourself If you dont believe human blood is always red or that some animal blood is blue, you can prove this to yourself. You could prick your finger in a cup of vegetable oil. There is no oxygen in oil, so the red oxygenated blood would change to blue if the myth were true.A really interesting way to examine blood is to view the toes of a living frog under a magnifying glass or low-powered microscope. You can see that all of the blood is red.If you want to see blue blood, you can examine the hemolymph of a shrimp or crab. The oxygenated blood is blue-green. Deoxygenated hemolymph is more of a dull grayish color.Donate blood. Youll get to watch it leave your veins (oxygenated) and collect in a bag (where it becomes deoxygenated). Learn More You can adapt the slime recipe to make blue blood for projects. One of the reasons many people think deoxygenated blood is blue is because veins appear blue or green beneath the skin. Heres an explanation of how that works.

The Career As An Educator - 807 Words

A career as an educator is a highly rewarding and equally challenging position, a teacher is not only responsible for the academic success of their pupils but the social development as well, this is especially true as a second language teacher. It is through my own experience as a student and a prospective teacher that I’ve developed my own beliefs and philosophy about teaching. I believe that there are certain things that can’t be compromised or short sold for example, classroom environment and the needs of the learner. There does however, need to be a certain level of flexibility both with the teacher and the techniques and methodologies employed. There are many attributes that make an effective teacher, some include; creativity, compassion, and leadership. These qualities coupled with knowledge of the material and language learning experience can fortify learning for the students. Through the course of this semester many approaches and techniques have been discussed, elaboration on their benefits and uses and how to utilize them best in a language learning setting have been highlighted. Through the presentation of all the information it seems that no single approach or technique can satisfy the needs of every learner, and that the most pertinent message to teachers is to know what the needs of your students are individually, and cater lessons for those needs using a variety of techniques. That being said I will discuss some approaches and techniques that I found the mostShow MoreRelatedMy Career As An Educator863 Words   |  4 PagesMore than ten years ago, I began my career as an educator in Queen Anne’s County, Maryland; a suburban area of limited cultural or ethnical diversity. A few years later I, transitioned to Anne Arundel County, Maryland where I worked at a Title I school in Annapolis, this school was an urban suburban school with more cultur al, ethnical, and social economical diversity. Currently, I work in Prince George’s County, Maryland, at an urban school located in Hyattsville, with a large amount of culturalRead MoreMy Career As An Educator947 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment for the needs of all. I accept that my philosophy is mine and keep my mind open to the knowledge of others in my career as an educator. Therefore, I consider myself to be eclectic in my methods of education. As a lifelong learner, I am reliant on my teachers to help me develop new theories and methods to help my individual student succeed in their educational career. I will be well educated in preschool development and early education curriculum to best serve the student age group I willRead MoreMy Career As An Educator1072 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout my time at Touro college New skills new strategies that will help me throughout my teaching career. It has help me open my eyes to a whole other side of special ed that I did not know existed. Due to all this new knowledge I have not found it difficult to transfer from a teacher assistant to a teacher. I feel like I have the tools and the encouragement to move forward in my teaching career. My philosophy has not changed but has more meaning to it. I believe that all children have the abilityRead MoreThe Career Of A Freelance Arts Educator1573 Words   |  7 Pageswhat alternative strategies will be most beneficial, however, my interviewee has had success with a strategies rooted in transformative and complexity theories. The administrator I interviewed initially entered the profession as a freelance arts educator and was motivated to pursue a challenging multifaceted role( p.2). While balancing personal and professional responsibilities the individual became interested in teacher development work, which later led her to become part of a women owned educationalRead MoreMy Career As A Nurse Educator For A Small Community Hospital Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesMy nursing career began in 1980. Armed with a BSN, my early career was spent as a staff nurse on the medical-surgical units of two, large teaching hospitals in Boston. When my knowledge, skill, and confidence grew, I then became the nurse manager of an in-patient unit of the health service of a large, prestigious university. In addition to direct patient care, I had leadership and administrative roles as well as mentoring new nurses. 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Some people are cut out for this career and some are not. Emotionally and physically this job can take a toll on someone. In this paper I will discuss what exactly is a Special Educator, what education is needed to become one, salary

Citizenship Coursework- Illegal Downloading Free Essays

More than 8 million people are illegally downloading at any one time; it has become a major problem for the music industry. Many people do not see the problem it causes and many do not realise the effect of what they are doing, some don’t even seem to know that it is illegal. Although most people do not seem to notice the effects, the film and music industry are noticing. We will write a custom essay sample on Citizenship Coursework- Illegal Downloading or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are noticing a loss in revenue. This then prevents things such as new upcoming or just plain decent only just found musicians and artist. Plus some films never make it to production, there original ideas never to be shared. Musicians pushing forward in the career are missing out on opportunities after much time and effort has been put in (plus there are a lot of band that just fluke it to success). So on general people in these industries that deserve to be recognised have a much less chance thanks to illegal downloading. Basically it’s Stealing, stealing music is the same as stealing anything else. It is illegal and the consequences are real – for you and for the music. Stealing music is against the law. Stealing music betrays the songwriters and recording artists who create it and stifles the careers of new artists and up and coming bands. Stealing music threatens the livelihood of the thousands of working people from recording engineers to music retailers and their staffs who are employed in this industry. Downloading music is a great way of reaching out for musicians if it is done in a controlled manner in which the musicians can still be paid for there ‘work’. Plus it is just another way that people can access musician’s songs. This is a handy way for customers as we live in a society that uses mp3 players where all their music is transferred over the media device. Rather than good old CD players and well cassette players, where you had to go out and but the CD’s or tape, which is more efficient from piracy. But artist have to keep up with modern devices to make sure their music gets out there. Fans want to access music in the easiest possible way and that way is over the internet rather than going to town to but the CD, just being lazy. Although some may be down to the fact a lot of teenagers are unable or don’t know how to set up an account with a legal download site or company such as iTunes. But want is quite worrying to say the least is the fact that there are those out there who do now realise it is wrong. Also there are those who try to justify illegal downloading. For the customer it all comes down to two many things; cost and convenience. The only decent way about it is if the music is downloaded illegally and the person likes that album or whatever they then go out and buy it, if they don’t then they just delete it. It is a way about it but not around it, There will always be those trying to get what they want for a little as possible and if that is free then they will do it. It is just that the internet can do so much to help new band get recognised, however the internet is pretty much impossible to monitor and patrol completely and strictly. People will take advantage of this and are doing so. Illegal downloading is a hot topic and those who have an opinion may differ hugely form other, a lot tend to sit back about the situation but those that take side tend to feel strongly about it. There are those that realise what they are doing and continue to do so without thinking about the negative effects they are having on peoples lives, not just the musicians but others working in the industry. On the other hand they should do more to allow more to by CD’s as many of them are highly priced, which they don’t need to be as more money comes from gigs then album sales. Then again there is no excuses for downloading illegally. Though the music industry should realise that it must spread out across the internet and do it’s best to appeal to customer over the internet. .Both sides of this argument have to make changes, as they are actually both losing out, the industry are making loses and the listener are missing out on potentially great music from artist not given a chance, as well as them missing out. So changes must be made to end piracy and get the music industry to appeal to more people so no losses are made and all is pretty damn good. How to cite Citizenship Coursework- Illegal Downloading, Papers

Integration Paper free essay sample

I can remember being in fifth grade telling my mom I was going to win the history award for my class. I had always been interested in history, so when I came to college it only made since to look at history as a major, and career option. Career Development has helped me to decide what direction I want to go with my college education. We did many activates such as focus, informational interviews, panel discussions, classroom activities, as well as discovering our strength themes. It has also made me aware of different programs and resources that are available at Mansfield University. The focus activity we did in class showed us recommended careers based on how we answered the questions it asked. For me it was not as helpful as it was for other students. For the most part it recommended careers in the educational and counseling fields. It also had a few careers in the law field and jobs in the Library. We will write a custom essay sample on Integration Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These careers were not what I was interested in. I did notice that for most of the careers it recommended, a major in history was attached. I am very interest in history, and would like to work in a museum setting as a curator. For my informational interview, I interviewed Matt Carl form the Bradford County Historical Society. He is both manager, and curator. I learned he did not go to college to get his position. Since the age of ten he had been involved in local museums, and historical Society, which is where he got his experience for his position. He stressed the importance of experience. He recommended getting jobs, internships, and just volunteer in order to gain experience. He also talked about what it is he does as curator, and manager. He said that every day is different. This was appealing to me. He also described the setting as relaxed, which was also appealing to me. Overall I enjoyed my interview and learned a lot. The only problem was that he was more focused on local history, where as I am more interested in history of the world. I would also rather work in a larger museum with more option, and more advancement opportunities. We had a panel discussion in class of different majors, and career opportunities within them. From this I met with Dr. Gaskievicz who is part of the history department. He showed me that I can use a history major for more than just teaching. I also got to learn more about a new program in a public history track. This was very interesting for me, because I am interested in using my major in a museum, or governmental settings. He was very helpful in showing me different ways I could go, and how to get a job after college. We did many classroom activities. The one that stands out the most is the activities we did on what employers want. In any career communication is a vital and important skill to have. Through my college career I hope to become better, and develop my communication skills. For careers I am interested in having real world experience in the setting is very important. I plan on getting internships, as well as a summer job at a local museum in order to gain the experience I will need. I also learn what my top strength themes are. They include context, includer, restorative, adaptability, and empathy. I feel that my strength in context is what makes me so interested in history, as well as why I do well in those classes. As an includer I strive to get everyone involved, and not leave anyone out. This will help me with team work, which is a skill that employers look for in their employees. Since I am restorative I can analyze a problem, Identify what is wrong, and find the solution. This theme when partnered with adaptability, which means I can adapt to situation, and change easily, make problem solving easy. I can see the problem, address it, and come up with a new plan. My last strength is Empathy, I can feel the emotions of others around me, and I can understand why they feel that way. This can help me with history because I can understand why someone felt the way they did, and also understand why that then lead to their actions. In career development I also became aware of different programs, and recourse available at Mansfield. One of which being the study abroad program, I am very interested in studying abroad. I believe that it would be helpful especially with history and my interest in working in a museum setting, because I will be experiencing different cultures, and society, from which I can take back and apply in a work setting. I have also learned about the internship opportunities offered here at Mansfield, and since experience is everything in the career I am interested in, internships would be a great way of getting the experience I will need to be successful. Through this course I was able to focus my attention in a field of interest, and learn more about it, as well as what career options are available within the field. I was able to explore these careers to guide me in the right directions. I was also able to learn about myself, and about programs and resource I can use to be successful.